The Best-Kept Secret of Successful Teams

4 Phase ModelAlmost every team and community today is diverse in some way or another: gender, age, spirituality, professional training, ethnicity, nationality… While we respect other styles and cultures, most of us still get stuck at some point where we say, “OK, we’re different; now how do we work (or live) side-by-side? How do we harness our differences as creative assets? At a minimum, how do we simply keep from driving each other crazy?”

We might work with partners who view time as flexible and events as unfolding. This may mean that, to them, deadlines are mutable and subject to change. Meanwhile, we push ourselves and our bodies, working overtime to make sure we honor our commitment to an agreed-upon deadline. While we may respect our colleagues’ view of time management on a theoretical basis, and perhaps envy them their apparently healthy work-life balance, how do we succeed with partners who don’t seem to respect their commitments to deadlines?

Perhaps we have a neighbor or even a waiter at a favorite restaurant who communicates very directly, yet we prefer a bit more indirection, thank you. While we respect their communication style, it can get irritating and try our patience.

Too often we fail to actively seek to bridge differences because we see them as something negative, as something that separates rather than unites us. Yet, by ignoring our differences, by pretending they are not there, we imbue them with great power. Eventually they can get the best of us, surprising us at awkward moments and causing frustration and tension. Our reluctance to address differences may stem from a fear that acknowledging their existence may push us farther apart rather than allowing us to collaborate enjoyably.

So, how do we transform these differences into assets? How do we convert them from something to be denied, hidden, or tamped down, into something to be embraced and used for the good of the organization and the team?

One model that has proven quite useful over the past two decades of use comes from the classic and widely used simulation, Ecotonos: A Simulation for Collaborating Across Cultures. Called the “Four-Phase Model for Task Accomplishment,” this very simple approach guides us to first identify the similarities and differences at play in our interaction, verbally affirm them, spend time understanding them and, finally, explore how to leverage them.

How a specific team leverages similarities and differences will depend on the members of the team and their shared goals and realities. Each team creates its own team culture, ideally based upon and growing out of the first three phases of this Four-Phase Model.

As you can see in the graphic above, the Four-Phase Model is not linear, but rather each phase weaves into and out of the other. For example, understanding may lead to further identifying, or leveraging may lead to added affirmation.

A text description of the Model accompanies Ecotonos and provides further elaboration of the graphic:

Identifying
  • Perceiving similarities and differences
  • Establishing which differences are divisive and which commonalties unite
  • Creating self-awareness of one’s own strengths and styles
  • Appropriate balancing of the tension between sameness and difference
Affirming
  • Confirming individual commonalties and differences
  • Substantiating that difference is desirable
  • Legitimizing difference in the eyes of the group
  • Welcoming conflict and paying attention
Understanding
  • Attempting to understand the other person’s perspective
  • Stepping into the other’s shoes
  • Mirroring/exploring and discovering together
  • Probing for deeper comprehension using various approaches
  • Seeing an issue from several vantage points
Leveraging
  • Defining how team members can contribute to goal accomplishment
  • Agreeing on methods for utilizing team expertise
  • Facilitating the generation of creative solutions
  • Creating a “team” culture
  • Focusing on efficiency and effectiveness

Once people become comfortable with the Identifying Phase, they may perceive the Affirming Phase as something unnecessary, a waste of everyone’s time. “We are all adults. We don’t need to give one another kudos.”

But my extensive experience proves, over and over again, that taking the time and effort to actively engage in the Affirming Phase is well worth the investment. Proceeding more slowly allows the team to accomplish more in less time, so to speak.

Below is one video that illustrates the value of affirmation in our lives. It is pretty long, but you’ll get the idea pretty quickly and I’m confident you’ll enjoy watching it.

The Four-Phase Model is one tool that can powerfully transform conflict into productivity and innovation. And, by the way, don’t forget that you are awesome!

 

A Living Example of the Funk Model of Personal Development

Rita and Kevin Booker

Rita and Kevin Booker

You know that PRACTICE of intercultural competence, ongoing, sustained practice, has been a theme of this blog. I have likened intercultural competence to physical fitness, to maintaining a workout practice, to symphonic and jazz music, and also to spiritual practice. The theme is ongoing, structured use and honing of skill.

After receiving some news last week, I have realized that perhaps it was Kevin Booker who first implanted several of these analogies in my mind. Until that point I hadn’t connected the two, but with his passing from this life, I revisited his blog posts, and rediscovered this one, which so moved me when he first published it back in 2009. At the time I had just met Kevin—he had participated in a Cultural Detective Facilitator Certification in Granada, Spain. While I repost it here in its entirety, it’s worth clicking through to see the funkalicious colors and design of his original post.

A Bridge Between The Funk Model of Personal Development and Cultural Detective

—By Kevin Booker

I swam everyday this week.

I decided to change my physical training routine this summer by working more often underwater instead of lifting weights, the latter of which I have done on average three times a week for the past decade.

Not that lifting in the gym is stale by any means: I stopped counting reps years ago and learned instead to focus on the tempo and energy of the music in my portable music player.

Since most of my workouts are between 90 minutes and 3-and-a-half hours long, I’ve learned to challenge all my muscle groups by utilizing particular songs to motivate and encourage my movement and breathing, like a dancer uses music to improvise and discover new movement.

For example, I’ve used Janet Jackson’s “If”, not only because of the superlative Jam/Lewis production values, but because the tempo of the song is perfect for ab crunches on a decline bench at various angles. When I mix in Hamilton Bohannon’s “Disco Symphony“, Cameo’s “Word Up”, EWF’s “Can’t Let Go”, or Lyn Collin’s “Think”, I can easily repeat 3 sets of 15, at 3 to 4 different angles, for a continuous minimum of 30 to 45 minutes.

The result of doing this for a few years is that my lower back muscles are significantly stronger than they used to be and I now possess abs of steel.

Same with the shoulder press: I use Parliament Funkadelic’s “Flashlight” for strength training, along with The Gap Band’s “Burn Rubber” or a combination of Roger Troutman’s “Do Wah Ditty” and “So Ruff So Tuff” to hit all the right spots with stanknasty funk, say 3 to 4 sets of 15 reps using 25 to 35 kilo (55 to 77 lb.) weights. Not a lot of weight, but enough strength training in my shoulder and neck muscles to do headstands without using my hands at the end of my yoga stretching routines. No brag, just fact.

What I’ve observed is that most urban dwellers my age lack youthfulness and energy simply because they don’t workout enough to the funk.

Working out to the funk means physical movement expressed through multiple body rhythms, engaging in disciplined rehearsal of physical balance, strength, quickness, improvisation, circular movement and synchronization. When entrainment is achieved by diligent practice, funk becomes it’s own reward.

As Robert Farris Thompson has explained, the word funk is of ki-congo origin and literally means “to work out to achieve one’s aims”. This metaphor signifies an entire value system which Africans brought with them to the new world and represents the idea of achieving any goal by the use of extreme effort.

Thus understood, funk music culture is an excellent opportunity to understand a cultural value system in which highly trained cultural specialists leverage diverse ideas (obscure styles of music, varied costume designs, diverse eras in dance and movement, recombined stories and myths), distill patterns and compare archetypes while leveraging conceptual values, such as key signatures, tempos, mixtures of music theory and dynamic expression.

In sum, to understand, appreciate and utilize funk music organizational principles, one must cultivate a high tolerance for ambiguity, the skill to use diverse concepts and exercise a life-long commitment to uncovering cultural complexity. I am convinced that the people at Cultural Detective understand this.

The Cultural Detective Method provides a language to explain the mental programming with which we perceive, learn about and understand fundamental intercultural communication principles. It provides an innovative, enjoyable, culture-specific, cultural values and real-life situation based training approach which can enable and empower anyone to better understand and work with colleagues who have cultural histories which differ from their own.

It effectively distills and teaches the three necessary intercultural abilities required for global collaboration and cooperation:

  1. The ability to know and explain ourselves as individuals; this is known as subjective culture.
  2. The ability to better understand the intentions of other people; this is known as cultural literacy.
  3. The tools to work mindfully and consciously to leverage cultural difference, regardless of personal cultural history; this is known as cultural bridge building.

This innovative and painstakingly researched training method has been developed by the pioneering work of Dianne Hofner Saphiere and the thought leadership experience of at least 90 credible intercultural researchers, educators and specialists from all over the globe. This method has been tested, tried and proven to improve the intercultural communication abilities of co-workers from more than 96 cultures world-wide. Major corporations such as ABB, BNP Paribas Bank, Cable and Wireless, Handelsbanken, Mitubishi, Rohm and Hass, Royal Dutch/Shell Oil, Samsung and Texas Instruments have successfully used The Cultural Detective Method in Africa, The Americas, Asia, Europe and the Pacific. It is continues to be used as a highly effective method for intercultural team building, expatriate training and collaboration projects in business schools and institutions of higher learning around the world.

What I love about the Cultural Detective training method is that it uses universal teaching approaches, such as storytelling, which are quickly and easily understood by everyone on the planet.

Anybody, anywhere in the world can understand and appreciate a good story. Along with music and pictures, storytelling is the most ancient way we have to transmit and receive culture. Through stories, we pass on our values, beliefs, histories and traditions from generation to generation. This process is what general semantics specialists call time binding.

Cultural Detective uses storytelling and small group discussion to help us understand ourselves and others within the context of the unique and multiple core cultural values which motivate our behaviors, our beliefs and perceptions of our place in the world. This process enables us to see ourselves and others as unique individuals influenced by culture instead of one-dimensional stereotypes. Moreover, by promoting the development of common-sense strategies to improve intercultural collaboration, Cultural Detective helps us to understand cultural values as positive intention and discover new ways to resolve conflict in everyday life.

I personally believe that using the Cultural Detective training method is an excellent way for people to overcome their fear of the other, combat status anxiety and eradicate racism.

But please don’t take my word for it; try it for yourself.

In the meantime, I’m going swimming. For me, swimming provides an effective, low impact cardiovascular work out and I have come to use it as a training metaphor for overcoming fear.

Perhaps I should explain.

As a small child, I had a deathly fear of water. I do not know where this fear came from; perhaps it was because I lived near the ocean which to my young, inexperienced eyes was a vast, violent, unpredictable and unknowable place.

To my good fortune, my mother recognized this and helped me to overcome my fear of water by taking me to swimming classes 5 days-per-week, months at a time, every summer, 4 years in a row. Long story short, after enough training, I eventually entered a local marathon competition and at 13 years old, took first place over 40 competitors.

Of course nowadays, many years later, I no longer swim in marathon competitions, but when I do swim, I am still mindful of how much effort it actually takes to train and condition the body to use different strokes efficiently, how difficult it is to strengthen leg muscle groups for effective kicks and the amount of extra personal effort and determination it takes to build endurance.

As an intercultural education facilitator, I have come to believe that participants in human resource training programs need to understand this principle as well: it does not matter how one is led to water or how nice the pool is: if one does not make the extra effort to learn, one cannot learn to swim.

For this one lesson, I am grateful to my mother.

She was a master teacher who lived and worked as an advocate for cultural literacy for all people.

She was a lyrical soprano, accomplished pianist and an extraordinarily graceful dancer.

In her lifetime, she was able to develop a higher tolerance for ambiguity.

Every time I swim in a foreign swimming pool, be it in Aktau or Sao Paulo, Paris or London, Bucharest or Berlin or anywhere my unquenchable curiosity takes me, I think of her and am mindful of her commitment to life long learning as a method to extinguish ignorance and fear.

This is why I’m not too cool to swim.

Matter of factI can dance underwater and not get wet 🙂

***

Discover more about Cultural Detective®
http://www.culturaldetective.com/welcome.html

Thus concludes Kevin’s post.

Rest in peace, my dear friend and colleague. Thank you for so generously sharing your incredible talent, bottomless joy, support for others, and your never-ending source of creativity and energy. You were a living example of the fruits of discipline and practice: gifted in so many disciplines, other-centered yet always fully you, spontaneous and ready for anything. Our heart goes out to your partner and our teammate, CD Romania co-author Rita Booker-Solymosi, and all Kevin’s family.

Myanmar, A Guest Blog by Victor Garza

Guest post by Cultural Detective China co-author Victor Garza

Many of you know Victor as an excellent photographer and world adventure traveler. He has just published another travel piece, this one on Myanmar. Despite the heartbreaking news about Buddhist violence in that country, I know many of us would love to travel there. You can click on the images below to enlarge them.

Where have you traveled to lately? Please, share with us your adventures!2013.5 36 2013.5 38 2013.5 37

“Collide-o-culture” or “Kaleid-o-culture”: GPS for Human Beings

This graphic and the concepts underlying it are the work of Jackie Wasilewski.

“Collide-o-culture” or “Kaleid-o-culture”

I have long been a fan of Jackie Wasilewski’s. She is one of the brightest shining stars in our intercultural field, plus an all-around terrific human being and friend.

Her investigations are motivated by a couple of key objectives that dovetail beautifully with our work at Cultural Detective®:

  • How to include everyone (in her extended family at her holiday dinner table) in their full authenticity?
  • How to reconcile highly contrastive content (how to bridge), when it seems impossible to please everyone simultaneously?

Values ≠ Traditions
One point she makes is that values are not the same as traditions, and the two must not be confused. Values can be held while behavior is changed—a la Cultural Detective. Jackie told us in Spokane that when cultures get threatened, they get reified. That when cultures stop changing, they die. So, our quest needs to be, how to preserve and change, simultaneously?

GPS for Human Beings
Way back when Jackie conducted her Ph.D. research, she analyzed the personal histories of 192 multicultural people. That approach—learning from the inside-out rather than the outside-in, is also the Cultural Detectiveapproach.

One of the outcomes of her research was the graphic shown above, a “GPS” outlining paths to multiculturalism. The negative paths at the bottom of the sphere used to have only one label, subtracting, but over time this label has come to include destruction/loss and shedding, and Jackie tells us that the “choice” of this direction is often the result of oppression. However, this cluster of negative pathways also has a mysterious connection to the creation option at the top of the choice sphere. Sometimes the old has to be wiped away for the new to come into existence. At Cultural Detective we usually aim for mixing, creation, or adding. The final two options in her framework are maintaining and converting/assimilation. Here is a quote from the paper she presented:

To use this “GPS” effectively, each of us has to examine our goals and the characteristics of the context in which we are making the choice. Where do we want to end up? What are the opportunities and constraints of the environment in which we find ourselves? Where are our “degrees of freedom”? What are the costs and benefits of taking each direction? Which “direction” will lead us nearer our goal?

We have to imagine that we are like an aikido master standing in the center of a sphere consisting of the six options or “directions” [maintaining, converting, mixing, adding, creating and the subtractive cluster]. At each choice point, we have to consider all our options, just as if we were considering them for the very first time. None of these directions is better or worse. None is of higher or lower rank. Some are more complex to enact in a given context or set of circumstances. But the best choice is the appropriate one for enabling us to continue towards our goal in that particular context.

To manage these options productively people need a support network; a supra-ordinate goal; the ability to acknowledge their own complexity; the ability to transform negative emotional energy into positive energy; the ability flexibly to use the six options stated above; and at certain key moments, the ability to publicly stand for their full complexity so that new social space can be created.

“Collide-o-culture” or “Kaleid-o-culture”?
One of her definitions of “people power” is the web or sphere of interpersonal relationships we hold. Jackie tells us that if we think in relationships, then when we meet another individual we will realize that we are bringing together two communities. In her words, will it be “Collide-o-culture” or “Kaleid-o-culture”? If we see the relationships, we will be more motivated to try to understand.

Indigeneity and Respect
The concept of “indigeneity” emerged from work conducted by LaDonna Harris, a Comanche woman and political advocate, and Alexander Christakis, a systems scientist. They discovered that indigenous people and 20th century knowledge management specialists had similar approaches to the management of complex problems. The four principles they identified for organizing societies that are both inclusive and just are: Relationship, Responsibility, Reciprocity, and Redistribution. The result of these four R’s is a fifth: Respect. Goals of the ongoing work that has now been taken worldwide include maximum autonomy and maximum choice for the smallest units of society. To again quote Jackie’s SUSA paper:

Physician, therapist and healer, Brenda Davies (2007) says there is “nothing but communication.” Our truth, as we know it, is always what we are communicating. However, we have to be willing to update our truth every second. Our integrity is also a function of our truth as we know it. Each of us has a unique integrity based on our experiences. It constitutes our personal set of rules, but it too is always moving. Understanding another person’s integrity is the best we can do, and it allows us to love them separately from their behavior. The key would seem to be to create discursive spaces like the ones discussed above where we can all update our truth together and enable our mutual integrity to rise exponentially.

This is a VERY brief overview and of course does not do Jackie’s work adequate justice.  I trust it will motivate you to learn more about her work, and to use what she knows in order to use the Cultural Detective method and materials to the highest benefit. You can download a full copy of the paper she presented that this article summarizes.

(This post is taken in major part from an article I wrote in 2010.)

Una Jornada Intercultural con Dianne Hofner Saphiere

Mil gracias a todos los docentes que asistieron, y también a SIETAR Argentina y AFS Argentina y Uruguay. Juntos podemos construir un mundo mejor!

 

Julia's avatarSIETAR Argentina

483621_450767178324906_1898862114_nEste Abril 2013, tuvimos el agrado de coordinar, presenciar y participar de un evento internacionalmente reconocido ya que Dianne Hofner Saphiere* estuvo visitando la Argentina.

AFS** y SIETAR Argentina coordinaron el evento, junto también a representantes del Ministerio de Educación de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires que promocionó la jornada entre sus docentes.

La jornada tuvo dos partes. Una, por la mañana, dedicada a los docentes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y otra, por la tarde, para los profesionales interculturales.

Por la mañana, abrieron la jornada con palabras de bienvenida Juan Medici –Director Ejecutivo de AFS Argentina y Uruguay – y Ana María Ravaglia – subsecretaria de gestión educativa y coordinación  pedagógica del Ministerio de Educación del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.

Acto seguido, Dianne comenzó su presentación refiriéndose a la importancia de la comunicación intercultural como una clave para construir puentes. Con videos y análisis…

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